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Question: What is the Leiter-R? Answer: The Leiter-R is a completely non-verbal IQ test or test of intelligence. The test is designed for ages 2 - 21 and it takes about 25 - 40 minutes to administer. Leiter-R is completely nonverbal. It does not require a spoken or written word from the examiner or the child. The easy game-like administration holds the child's interest and is easily administered; quickly and objectively scored. For over 50 years, the original Leiter provided a nonverbal measure of intellectual ability. The new Leiter-R consists of two nationally standardized batteries:
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Unlike other IQ tests, the Leiter-R emphasizes fluid intelligence, the truest measure of a person's innate intelligence. This makes Leiter-R a much more accurate, and fair, measure since the IQ score is not significantly influenced by the level and quality of the child's educational, social and family experience. For example, with the Leiter-R, hearing-impaired and ESL youth were only .33 Standard Deviations below the mean, as compared to typical findings of a full Standard Deviation difference, for such groups when using verbally-loaded tests. Also, since the Leiter-R scores do not change significantly in the adult years, so it can be used effectively with older subjects.
The Leiter-R has an Exceptional Assessment Range
Leiter-R is a rich diagnostic instrument which measures well beyond the I.Q. range of other tests... 30 to 170. It spans ages 2 years 0 months up to 21 years... below that of CTONI and TONI and covering the age ranges of the WPPSI-III and WISC-IV.
The Leiter-R has New Attention and Memory Domains (AM Battery)
The new Attention and Memory domains enhance interpretation of the global IQ score by providing valuable diagnostic indicators as to why the child scored as he/she did on the Visualization & Reasoning Battery. They also accurately distinguish children with ADHD, LD, or neuropsychological impairments, from typical children.
The unique, new "growth" scores enable professionals to measure the small, but important, improvement in the cognitive skills of a child with significant cognitive disabilities. This allows psychologists, educators and parents to see the progression of improvement ("growth") across time, irrespective of age-based standard scores.
Previous age-standardized measures did not adequately document the quality and magnitude of gains achievable by children with significant cognitive delay.
Both item and ability scores have been scaled, based upon Rasch Item-Response-Theory scaling. This provides meaningful information about the child's abilities, rather than focusing on deficits. Progress can be charted on the item maps in a manner that is meaningful to professionals and parents.
The Leiter-R Highly Correlated with Traditional Intelligence Tests: Correlates .85 with WISC-III Full Scale IQ and .85 with the original Leiter IQ Scale.
No Cultural or Language Bias from the The Leiter-R: Psychometric studies on Native American, Hispanic, and African-American groups, show the Leiter-R to have exceptional fairness for all cultural and ethnic backgrounds. For example, Navajo children averaged 98.0 on the Leiter-R brief IQ, while WISC-III averaged 84.5. The test is very useful for non-verbal, non-English speaking and low SES students as well as students with Autism, ADHD and Traumatic Brain Injury.
Percentile, Grade and Age Equivalence - In addition to traditional IQ scores, Leiter-R provides:
The Leiter-R Rating Scales:
The four social-emotional rating scales (Examiner, Parent, Self Rating and Teacher) provide essential information about the child's activity level, attention, impulse control, and other emotional characteristics, which may interact with test performance and functional performance at home and school.
Development and Normative Information: Leiter-R was standardized on 1,719 typical children and adolescents,and 692 atypical children (representing 9 clinical groups) ages 2-0 to 20-11, using a national stratification plan. Nationally-representative proportions of children who are Caucasian (non-Hispanic), Hispanic-American, African-American, Asian-American and Native American were included. The standardization was carefully constructed to accurately represent the child's age, gender and socio-economic status.
Validity: Research studies on construct, content and criterion validity are described in an extensive validity chapter in the test manual. Confirmatory factor analysis has shown Leiter-R to fit a hierarchical "g" model of cognitive abilities, including nonverbal reasoning, visualization, memory and attention facets. Studies of criterion groups such as children with giftedness or cognitive delay, show significant differences, in the expected direction, from children in the normative sample. Research with several concurrent measures provides excellent validity information.
Reliability:
The Manual is extensive including internal consistency, test-retest and decision-consistency reliability. Also included are test information curves and item-bias studies based on Item-Response Theory. Internal consistency reliability ranges between .88 and .93.Here's what people are saying about the Leiter-R:
"The Leiter-R is my favorite test for students with significant cognitive delays. The Leiter-R is especially appropriate for severely handicapped students. The picture format was able to engage their interest much more than most tests. The attention and memory battery of the Leiter-R is a great supplement for creative visual memory tasks, including memory span, associative memory, and working memory.”
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